1 2 "Declaring Independence", Revolutionary War, Digital History, University of Houston. From Adams' notes: "Why will you not? You ought to do it." "I will not." "Why?" "Reasons enough." "What can be your reasons?" "Reason first, you are a Virginian, and a Virginian ought to appear at the head of this business. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular. You are very much otherwise. Reason third, you can write ten times better than I can." "Well," said Jefferson, "if you are decided, I will do as well as I can." "Very well. When you have drawn it up, we will have a meeting."
↑ Stephen E. Lucas, "Justifying America: The Declaration of Independence as a Rhetorical Document", in Thomas W. Benson, ed., American Rhetoric: Context and Criticism, Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989, p. 85.
↑ Armitage, David (2007). The Declaration of Independence: A Global History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. tr. 113–126. ISBN0-674-02282-3.
↑ Maier, American Scripture, 48. The modern scholarly consensus is that the best-known and earliest of the local declarations is most likely inauthentic, the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, allegedly adopted in May 1775 (a full year before other local declarations); Maier, American Scripture, 174.
↑ Boyd, Evolution, 18; Maier, American Scripture, 63. The text of the May 15 Virginia resolution is onlineLưu trữ 2008-06-20 tại Wayback Machine at Yale Law School's Avalon Project.
↑ Jefferson, Thomas (ngày 4 tháng 7 năm 1776). [[[:Bản mẫu:Wdl]] “Declaration of Independence. In Congress, ngày 4 tháng 7 năm 1776, a Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress Assembled”]. World Digital Library. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 7 năm 2013.
↑ Maier, American Scripture, 41; Boyd, Evolution, 19.
↑ Jensen, Founding, 689–90; Maier, American Scripture, 42.
↑ Jensen, Founding, 689; Armitage, Global History, 33–34. The quotation is from Jefferson's notes; Boyd, Papers of Jefferson, 1:311.
↑ Maier, American Scripture, 42–43; Friedenwald, Interpretation, 106.
↑ George Billias American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989 (2011) p 17.
1 2 “The Three Greatest Men”. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 2009. Jefferson identified Bacon, Locke, and Newton as "the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception". Their works in the physical and moral sciences were instrumental in Jefferson's education and world view.
↑ Maier found no evidence that the Dutch Act of Abjuration served as a model for the Declaration, and considers the argument "unpersuasive" (American Scripture, p. 264). Armitage discounts the influence of the Scottish and Dutch acts, and writes that neither was called "declarations of independence" until fairly recently (Global History, pp. 42–44). For the argument in favor of the influence of the Dutch act, see Stephen E. Lucas, "The 'Plakkaat van Verlatinge': A Neglected Model for the American Declaration of Independence", in Rosemarijn Hofte and Johanna C. Kardux, eds., Connecting Cultures: The Netherlands in Five Centuries of Transatlantic Exchange (Amsterdam, 1994), 189–207, and Barbara Wolff, "Was the Declaration of Independence Inspired by the Dutch?" University of Wisconsin Madison News, ngày 29 tháng 6 năm 1988, http://www.news.wisc.edu/3049 Accessed ngày 3 tháng 7 năm 2013.
↑ Wills, Inventing America, especially chs. 11–13. Wills concludes (p. 315) that "the air of enlightened America was full of Hutcheson's politics, not Locke's".
↑ Hamowy, "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment", argues that Wills gets much wrong (p. 523), that the Declaration seems to be influenced by Hutcheson because Hutcheson was, like Jefferson, influenced by Locke (pp. 508–09), and that Jefferson often wrote of Locke's influence, but never mentioned Hutcheson in any of his writings (p. 514). See also Kenneth S. Lynn, "Falsifying Jefferson", Commentary 66 (Oct. 1978), 66–71. Ralph Luker, in "Garry Wills and the New Debate Over the Declaration of Independence" (The Virginia Quarterly Review, Spring 1980, 244–61) agreed that Wills overstated Hutcheson's influence to provide a communitarian reading of the Declaration, but he also argued that Wills's critics similarly read their own views into the document.
↑ John Phillip Reid, "The Irrelevance of the Declaration", in Hendrik Hartog, ed., Law in the American Revolution and the Revolution in the Law (New York University Press, 1981), 46–89.
↑ Whitford, David, Tyranny and Resistance: The Magdeburg Confession and the Lutheran Tradition, 2001, 144 pages and Kelly OConnell of Canada Free Press, ngày 4 tháng 8 năm 2014, parts II. Magdeburg Confession and III. Doctrine of Lesser Magistrates
↑ Benjamin Franklin to Charles F.W. Dumas, ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 1775, in The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, ed. Albert Henry Smyth (New York: 1970), 6:432.
↑ Gulf, C. & SFR Co. v. Ellis, 165 US 150 (1897): "While such declaration of principles may not have the force of organic law, or be made the basis of judicial decision as to the limits of right and duty... it is always safe to read the letter of the Constitution in the spirit of the Declaration of Independence."
↑ Cuomo, Mario. Why Lincoln Matters: Now More Than Ever, p. 137 (Harcourt Press 2004) (it "is not a law and therefore is not subjected to rigorous interpretation and enforcement").
↑ Jessup, John J. (ngày 20 tháng 9 năm 1943). “America and the Future”. Life: 105. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 3 năm 2011.
↑ Hutchinson, Thomas (1776), Eicholz, Hans, biên tập, Strictures upon the Declaration of the Congress at Philadelphia in a Letter to a Noble Lord, &c., London
1 2 3 Dube, Ann Marie (tháng 5 năm 1996). “The Declaration of Independence”. A Multitude of Amendments, Alterations and Additions: The Writing and Publicizing of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States. National Park Service. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 7 năm 2011.
↑ Becker, Declaration of Independence, 142 note 1. Boyd (Papers of Jefferson, 1:427–28) casts doubt on Becker's belief that the change was made by Franklin.
↑ Boyd, "Lost Original", 448–50. Boyd argued that, if a document was signed on July 4 (which he thought unlikely), it would have been the Fair Copy, and probably would have been signed only by Hancock and Thomson.
↑ Ritz, "From the Here", speculates that the Fair Copy was immediately sent to the printer so that copies could be made for each member of Congress to consult during the debate. All of these copies were then destroyed, theorizes Ritz, to preserve secrecy.
↑ Palley, Claire (1966). The Constitutional History and Law of Southern Rhodesia 1888–1965, with Special Reference to Imperial Control . Oxford: Clarendon Press. tr. 750. OCLC406157.
↑ Hillier, Tim (1998). Sourcebook on Public International Law . London & Sydney: Cavendish Publishing. tr. 207. ISBN1-85941-050-2.
↑ Gowlland-Debbas, Vera (1990). Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations action in the question of Southern Rhodesia . Leiden and New York: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. tr. 71. ISBN0-7923-0811-5.
↑ McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 179; Maier, American Scripture, 168–71.
↑ McDonald, "Jefferson's Reputation", 180–84; Maier, American Scripture, 171.
↑ Detweiler, "Changing Reputation", 571–72; Maier, American Scripture, 175–78.
↑ Detweiler, "Changing Reputation", 572; Maier, American Scripture, 175.
↑ Detweiler, "Changing Reputation", 572; Maier, American Scripture, 175–76; Wills, Inventing America, 324. See also John C. Fitzpatrick, Spirit of the Revolution (Boston 1924).
↑ Maier, American Scripture, 197. See also Philip S. Foner, ed., We, the Other People: Alternative Declarations of Independence by Labor Groups, Farmers, Woman's Rights Advocates, Socialists, and Blacks, 1829–1975 (Urbana 1976).
↑ Maier, American Scripture, 197; Armitage, Global History, 95.
↑ Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, 39, 145–46. See also Harry V. Jaffa, Crisis of the House Divided (1959) and A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War (2000); Willmoore Kendall and George W. Carey, The Basic Symbols of the American Political Tradition (1970); and M.E. Bradford, "The Heresy of Equality: A Reply to Harry Jaffa" (1976), reprinted in A Better Guide than Reason (1979) and Modern Age, the First Twenty-five Years (1988).
